If there’s one pest homeowners in the southern states should never underestimate, it’s termites. These destructive species are responsible for billions of dollars in structural damage every year, quietly eating away at homes and businesses from the inside out.
But not all termites are the same, and knowing the difference between Formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus) and native subterranean termites (Reticulitermes species) can make all the difference when it comes to effective termite control strategies.
Formosan vs. Subterranean Termites: Key Differences
Colony Size and Growth
Source: University Of Florida
Formosan subterranean termites are often referred to as "super termites" due to their massive colony sizes, which can exceed one million members.
Eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes). Photo: Susan Ellis, Bugwood.org
By comparison, native subterranean termites, like the eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes), typically have colony sizes ranging from 50,000 to several hundred thousand.
The sheer number of Formosan termite soldiers and workers means they can cause structural damage at a much faster rate.
Nesting Habits
One of the biggest distinctions between these two termite species is how they nest. Native subterranean termites rely on soil moisture, using mud tubes to travel from their underground colonies to cellulose materials like wood.
Formosan subterranean termites, however, build above-ground carton nests that retain moisture, allowing them to establish termite colonies inside walls, attics, and even trees without needing direct soil contact.
Physical Characteristics
While both termite species have alates (winged reproductive termites), their appearances differ. Formosan termite swarmers have translucent orange-brown bodies and shorter wings, while subterranean termite swarmers tend to be darker and have longer wings.
Soldier termites also differ; Formosan termite soldiers have oval-shaped heads and pronounced mandibles, whereas eastern subterranean termite soldiers have rectangular heads with straighter mandibles.
Feeding and Damage Potential
Both species consume cellulose material found in wood and plant matter, but Formosan termites are significantly more aggressive feeders. Their ability to form large termite colonies and consume both hardwoods and softwoods makes them particularly dangerous.
This means that termite infestations involving Formosan termites can result in severe structural damage much faster than those involving native subterranean termites.
Signs of a Termite Infestation
Whether dealing with Formosan termites or native subterranean termites, recognizing the early warning signs of an infestation is crucial. Here’s what homeowners should look for:
Mud Tubes – Small, dirt-like tunnels on walls or foundations indicate subterranean termite activity.
Discarded Wings – After termite swarmers mate, they shed their wings near windows and doors.
Hollowed or Damaged Wood – If wood sounds hollow when tapped or easily crumbles, termites may be inside.
Carton Nests – Formosan termites create moisture-retaining nests in walls and other structures.
Helpful Guide: Hoffer Pest Pest Guide
Termite Control Strategies
DIY vs. Professional Termite Treatments
While some homeowners attempt DIY termite control, professional termite exterminator services are typically the best approach, especially when dealing with Formosan subterranean termites.
Bait Systems and Liquid Termiticides
Bait systems like Sentricon and Trelona ATBS work well for both Formosan and native subterranean termites, slowly eliminating termite colonies by targeting workers who carry bait back to the nest. Liquid termiticides, such as Termidor SC, create a chemical barrier that prevents termites from entering a structure.
Wood Treatments and Moisture Control
Applying wood treatments and addressing moisture issues around your home can help prevent future infestations. Keeping firewood away from your foundation, sealing cracks, and fixing leaks are all essential pest management practices.
Protect Your Home with Hoffer Pest Solutions
At Hoffer Pest Solutions, we understand the complexities of termite infestations, from identifying destructive species like Formosan subterranean termites to implementing effective termite control strategies. Our expert team provides customized termite treatment plans, including bait systems, wood treatments, and moisture control solutions, to keep your home safe year-round.
Don’t wait until termites cause irreversible damage—contact Hoffer Pest Solutions today for a comprehensive termite service inspection and the peace of mind you deserve.